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Fundamental Rights: Part III ( Article 12-35)
Article No | What it contains | Mnemonic to remember it |
12 | It tells that what authorities constitutes the definition of State that will ensure implementation of these rights. It includes central Govt., State Govt. Panchayats, Municipalities etc. | It is the answer to the first question to know that ‘who’ will provide rights to citizens. It is of course, the elected representative (Government) |
13 | It tells that if any law is against the Fundamental rights, then that law will become null and void. | It is the answer to the 2nd question ‘How’ it gives supremacy to fundamental rights |
14 | Equality before law- means everyone is equal in courts. If someone commits a murder, penalty is same, whether he is rich or poor, Hindu or Muslim, Rural or Urban, Upper caste or lower caste, Man or Woman. | Visualize the scales (sign of Justice) with figure of 14. |
15 | No discrimination on grounds of Religion, Race, Caste, Sex or place of Birth | it is in continuation of article 14, Article 14 tells about equality and article 15 tells the grounds on which inequality is prevented. |
16 | Equality of opportunity in Public employment. | At 16 years of age, students are about to join college and they have a lot of opportunities to go to any college depending upon their choice for future employment. |
17 | Abolition of untouchability | Up to 17 years, people should not touch motor vehicles. |
18 | Abolition of titles | Becoming an adult at the age of 18, is like getting a title. |
19 | It deals with freedom of a) speech and expression b) to assemble peacefully c) to form associations or unions d) to move freely throughout country e) to reside and settle anywhere f) to practice any profession | The sequence of 6 freedoms given is article 19 can be remembered by imagining a hypothetical person who started a new political party in another state by following these actions First, he started public speeches (using Article-19) Then people gathered to listen to him. Then people got influenced and were made associates. Then these people moved throughout the country Then they settled in different parts of the country and launched a political party. Thus, they came to a new profession |
20 | Protection in conviction for offences It protects citizens from misuse of legal machinery against them by following 3 rules- 1. No Double Jeopardy - A person cannot be punished twice for the same offence. 2. No ex post facto- A person cannot be punished for an act which was not illegal at the time of connecting it. 3. No self in criminalization - Person cannot be forced to give witness against himself. | You can remember it as article 20 prevents 420 (cheating) to citizens, means - Government cannot punish twice or by making adverse laws after the act or by forcing was to witness against himself. |
21 | Right to life and personal liberty - It is very important article - It contains a lot of rights which are central to personal life like - Right to free legal aid - Right to privacy - Right to education (Article 21-A) | Although person become adult at 18 but actual right to liberty starts at 21 years as it is minimum age to appear in IAS exam, for alcohol consumption or for marriage (in males) |
22 | Protection against arrest - It tells that person cannot be arrested without telling him the reason of arrest. - He / she has to be produced before a Judge within 24 hours of arrest - he/she has the right to take help of advocate to represent himself/ herself. | It can be remembered as 22G (Bai ji) Arrested - Means it prevent arrest of Big brother (22G) |
23 | It prevents traffic (business) of human beings for forced labor. | Imagine it as if in 23 Sector, market was for business of human beings and now it is banned. |
24 | Prohibition of employing than 14 years children in factories. | 24 <14 years (24 article relates with 14) |
25 | Freedom to progress practice and propagate any religion. | 25 to 28 article deals with Religious freedom. As most religious sects allow new entry at a minimum of 25 years, so it can again be remembered with age At 25 years- Person adopts new religious. |
26 | Freedom to make religious institutions / property | 26 years- He makes religious institution at his house. |
27 | No compulsory tax for spending money on prevention of any religion | 27 years- He wanted to collect compulsory funds (taxes) for religious promotion but was not allowed. |
28 | Freedom to religious educational institutions to pass religious instructions to students. | 28 years- He opened new education institution (private) to teach students new religious along with education. |
29 | Minorities can preserve their distinct language script or culture. | These two articles (29 & 30) deals with minority rights as above 4 deals with religious rights. 29 corresponds almost same to 25 30 corresponds almost same to 28 |
30 | Minorities can establish and administer their educational institutions. |